Doping in sports is not a new concept its roots are very nasty and deep inside sports from ancient times. According to T Graf-Baumann ancient Greek athletes are known to have used special diets and stimulating potions to strengthen themselves. In modern era strychnine, caffeine, cocaine, and alcohol were often used by cyclists and other endurance athletes in the nineteenth century. Thomas Hicks sprinted to victory in the Olympic marathon of 1904 in Saint Louis with the help of raw eggs, injections of strychnine, and doses of brandy administered to him during the race (Anti-Doping textbook, 2015).Nowadays, doping has grown into a more systematic doping pattern that includes the entire team. Recently in 2016, a state-sponsored doping program involving the Russian teams had banned up to 118 athletes from participating in the 2016 Rio Olympic Games(Roan D. 2016).

Doping in India

India has a large number of athletes who found guilty in doping tests. According to the reports of Sportstar article published on November 1, 2022, 62 Indian athletes are currently serving suspensions for anti-doping rules violations as per Athletics Integrity Unit (AIU) of World Athletics. India is only behind Russia whose 87 Athletes are serving suspensions at present.In recent cases Kamalpreet kaur, the 26 year old Indian discus thrower was banned for three years after she tested positive for a prohibited substance earlier this year. Traces of Stanozolol (An Anabolic Steroid) found in her sample. Later she admitted that she was totally unaware about that. Kaur is the third Indian athlete to be suspended by the AIU this year. Earlier sprinter Dhanalakshmi and discus thrower Navjeet Kaur Dhillon was suspended for three year, both admitted their offence in time(Mandeep Singh, 2022).

In 2021 Woolway et alconducted a study in which1,225 athletes from Germany, Greece, Italy, Russia, and the United Kingdom responded to measures assessing their general values, spirit of sport values, and their perceived importance of “clean sport.” There were significant differences between participant nationality and their perceived importance of clean sport, most important general values, and spirit of sport values. Moderate

The athletes, who are selected for study as subjects, were given the proper instructions and explanations about purpose of the study. The subjects were asked, if they are mentally and physically fit to give the proper response.

Table 1: Knowledge and Awareness of athletes towards Doping

Enclosed as Annexure 01

As calculated Table 1 the ball game athletes have more Awareness towards Doping, when we check table responses and calculate their percentiles we find that in response to 1^st question 70% ball game athletes were familiar to World Anti-Doping Code, in their comparison 63.33% track & field athletes have knowledge about the same. 43.33% track & field athletes know sportspersons who have used performance enhancing substance was less than ball game athletes (53.33%). Track & field athletes (43.33%) know more friends and peer sportspersons, who use performance enhancing substances than ball game athletes (36.67%), which means more athletes, are engaged in doping from track and field events. In response to Q. no. 4 83.33% track & field athletes and 66.67% ball game athletes considered it their own duty to not to breach anti-doping regulations. 100% ball game athletes agrees that sportspersons should be educated on Anti- doping regulation as compare to only 83.33% track & field athletes were agreed with the same. 76.67% ball Game athletes and 73.33% track & field athletes were agreed that Athletes should be tested for Performance Enhancing-substance/ drugs at all levels of Competition. In response to Q. no. 7 only 26.67% track & field athletes and 46.67% ball game athletes agrees that they have learnt anything about performance enhancing drugs, which their lack of education about Doping PES. In response to last question only 36.67% track & field athletes and 66.67% ball game athletes consider their awareness on doping and PES to be adequate, which  means they lacks in confidence to consider themselves fully aware about consequences of doping.

Table 2: Athletes should be tested for Performance Enhancing-substance/ drugs at all levels of Competition

Enclosed as Annexure 02