E-ISSN:2319-3050

Research Article

Sports Psychology

International Journal of Research Pedagogy and Technology in Education and Movement Sciences

2024 Volume 13 Number 04 OCT-DEC
Publisherwww.theuniversityacademics.com

A STUDY OF MENTAL HEALTH IN NATIONAL, STATE AND DISTRICT LEVEL MALE KHO-KHO PLAYERS

Kishore K1*†, Bal BS2†, Rani S3†
DOI:https://doi.org/10.55968/ijems.v13i04.290

1*† Kamal Kishore, Department of Physical Education, Govt Sr Sec School, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

2† Baljinder Singh Bal, Department of Physical Education Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Pb India, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

3† Savita Rani, Department of Physical Education, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.

The purpose of this study was to compare Mental Health among National Level, State Level and District Level Male Kho-Kho Players.For the purpose of this investigation Seventy (N=70), Male subjects between the age group of 16-28 years (Mean ± SD: Age 21.571 ± 2.821 (yrs), Body Height 168.9 ± 5.525 (cm), Body Mass 65.16 ± 4.089 (kg)) volunteered to participate in the study. The investigator has used the Mental Health Battery (MHB) constructed by (Singh and Gupta, 2000) for measuring all the dimensions of mental health of the subjects and their overall mental health. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for all analyses. The differences in the mean of each group for selected variable were tested for the significance of difference by One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). For testing the hypotheses, the level of significance was set at 0.05.To conclude, it is significant to mention in relation to Emotional Stability, Overall Adjustment, Autonomy, Intelligence and Mental Health that results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) among Male Kho-Kho Players (N=70) (i.e., National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30)) were found statistically insignificant (P> .05). Furthermore, in relation to Security–Insecurity and Self-Concept that result of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) among Male Kho-Kho Players (i.e., National Level, State Level and District Level) was found statistically significant (P< .05).

Keywords: Mental health, emotional stability, overall adjustment, autonomy, security–insecurity, self-concept, intelligence

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Kamal Kishore, , Department of Physical Education, Govt Sr Sec School, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Email: 		Kishore K, Bal BS, Rani S. A STUDY OF MENTAL HEALTH IN NATIONAL, STATE AND DISTRICT LEVEL MALE KHO-KHO PLAYERS. IJEMS. 2024;13(04):32-38.
Available From
https://ijems.net/index.php/ijem/article/view/290
Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
09-12-2023 15-12-2023 14-01-2024 10-02-2024 04-03-2024
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Nil Nil Yes 14 Nil

© 2024by Kishore K, Bal BS, Rani Sand Published by The University Academics. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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  1. INTRODUCTION

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health is “a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community” (World Health Organization, 2004) [1]. In their line of work, athletes have a special set of challenges, from accomplishing goals and winning trophies to dealing with media scrutiny and living up to the high expectations of passionate fans. Athletes are viewed as a particular demographic with unique requirements for both their physical and mental well-being (Etzel & Watson, 2007) [2]. Significant time limits, pressure to stay physically fit, social isolation, trouble navigating complex multiple relationships, exhaustion, financial worries, negative feedback from others, and injury have all been reported to be present (Parham, 1993) [3].

Physical exercise has been shown to improve mental health and overall wellbeing and can be a key component in treating a variety of mental health conditions. This does not imply, nevertheless, that athletes are exempt from mental disease. In fact, athletes who compete at higher levels endure certain stresses that could raise their risk of mental health issues. It is a known truth that athletes experience high levels of stress and pressure due to constant competition, which puts some at risk for developing depressive or anxious symptoms.

Despite the stressors athletes face, there is a paucity of research on the mental health of elite athletes (Reardon and Factor, 2010; Hughes and Leavey, 2012) [4, 5]. A study of elite athletes in Australia reported almost half were experiencing symptoms of a mental health problem, and the proportion meeting caseness cutoffs for mental illness were deemed comparable to community data (Gulliver et al., 2015) [6]. More broadly, (Rice et al., 2016) [7] conducted a systematic narrative review and also suggested the prevalence of mental illness in elite athletes was comparable to the general population.

The authors issued a warning, noting that there aren't many high-quality systematic and intervention studies that follow sound methodology or are well-reported in this field. Elite athletes face a number of obstacles when trying to get care for mental health issues.

[8]

Competitive athletes may have less positive attitudes toward help-seeking for mental health problems than non-athletes (Watson, 2005) , perhaps partially due to being perceived as a weakness (Bauman, 2016) [9]. This perceived stigma among elite athletes is a primary barrier, followed by a lack of awareness of mental health problems, and negative past experiences of seeking help (Gulliver et al., 2012a) [10]. Additionally, if athletes do not feel that the cultures of sporting organisations are supportive of these issues, access to timely and appropriate care is likely to be restricted. Some sporting organisations may not recognise the prevalence and significance of mental health problems in elite athlete populations.

  1. MATERIAL AND METHODS

2.1 Selection of Subjects

For the purpose of the present study Seventy (N=70), Male subjects between the age group of 16-28 years (Mean ± SD: Age 21.571 ± 2.821 (yrs), Body Height 168.9 ± 5.525 (cm), Body Mass 65.16 ± 4.089 (kg)) volunteered to participate in the study. The demographics of subjects are brought forth in Table-1.

Table-1:Subject’s Demographics (N=70) of Male Kho-Kho Players (i.e., National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30)).

290img01.png

N; sample size, yrs; years, cm; centimeters, kg; kilograms.

290img02.png

Figure-1: Subject’s Demographics (N=70) of Male Kho-Kho Players (i.e., National Level (N1=15)


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, State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30)).

  1. SELECTION OF TOOLS

Mental health battery (MHB)

The investigator has used the Mental Health Battery (MHB) constructed by Singh and Gupta (2000) for measuring all the dimensions of mental health of the subjects and their overall mental health. The six areas of mental health covered by this battery are:

290img03.png

Figure-2: The six areas of mental health

The battery consisted of 130 items covering all the areas of mental health. Validity coefficient for various items was found to be significant at.01 levels. Both temporal stability reliability and internal consistency reliability of the questionnaire were computed.

  1. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for all analyses. The differences in the mean of each group for selected variable were tested for the significance of difference by One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). For testing the hypotheses, the level of significance was set at 0.05.

  1. RESULTS

For each of the chosen variable, the result pertaining to Analysis of variance (ANOVA) among National Level, State Level and District Level Male Kho-Kho Players on the variable Mental Health. (i.e., Emotional Stability, Overall Adjustment, Autonomy, Security- Insecurity, Self-Concept and Intelligence) are presented in the following tables:

Table 2:Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results among Male Kho-Kho Players (N=70) (i.e.,

National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30) with regards to Emotional Stability.

290img04.png

The p-value is .259. The result is not significant at p > .05.

Table-3:Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results among Male Kho-Kho Players (N=70) (i.e., National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30) with regards to Overall Adjustment.

290img05.png

The p-value is .878. The result is not significant at p > .05.

Table-4: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results among Male Kho-Kho Players (N=70) (i.e., National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30) with regards to Autonomy.

290img06.png

The p-value is .278. The result is not significant at p > .05.

  • It is evident from Table-2 that results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) among Male Kho-Kho Players with regards to Emotional Stability were found statistically insignificant (P > .05).
  • It is evident from Table-3 that results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) among Male Kho-Kho Players with regards to Overall Adjustment were found statistically insignificant (P > .05).
  • It is evident from Table-4 that results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) among Male Kho-Kho Players with regards to Autonomy were found statistically insignificant (P > .05).

Table-5: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results among Male Kho-Kho


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Players (N=70) (i.e., National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30) with regards to Security–Insecurity.

290img07.png

The p-value is .035. The result is significant at p < .05.

  • It is evident from Table-5 that results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) among Male Kho-Kho Players (N=70) (i.e., National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30)) with regards to Security–Insecurity were found statistically significant (P < .05). Since the obtained F-value was found significant, therefore, post-hoc test was employed to study the direction and significance of differences between paired means. The results of post-hoc test have been presented in Table-6.

Table-6: Analysis of post-hoc test among Male Kho-Kho Players (N=70) (i.e., National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30) with regards to Security–Insecurity.

290img08.png

  • A glance at Table-6 showed that the mean value of National group was 2000 whereas State had mean value as 9.9200 and the mean difference between both the groups was found 1.28000. This shows that the National group had demonstrated significantly better on Security–Insecurity than their counterpart’s 9.9200group.
  • The mean value of National
  • group was 2000 whereas District had mean value as 9.6000 and the mean difference between both the groups was found 1.60000. This shows that the National group had demonstrated significantly better on Security–Insecurity than their counterpart’s 9.6000 groups.
  • The mean value of State group was 9200 whereas District had mean value as 9.6000 and the mean difference between both the groups was found .32000. This shows that the State group had demonstrated significantly better on Security–Insecurity than their counterpart’s 9.6000 group.

290img09.png

Figure-3: Graphical representation of mean scores Male Kho-Kho Players (N=70) ((i.e., National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30) with regards to Security–Insecurity.

Table-7: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results among Male Kho-Kho Players (N=70) (i.e., National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30) with regards to Self-Concept.

290img10.png

The p-value is .006. The result is significant at p < .05

  • It is evident from Table-7 that results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) among Kho-Kho Players (N=70) (i.e., National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2

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  • =25) and District Level (N3=30) with regards to Self-Concept were found statistically significant (P < .05). Since the obtained F-value was found significant, therefore, post-hoc test was employed to study the direction and significance of differences between paired means. The results of post-hoc test have been presented in Table-8.

Table-8: Analysis of post-hoc test among Male Kho-Kho Players (N=70) (i.e., National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30) with regards to Self-Concept.

290img11.png

  • A glance at Table-8 showed that the mean value of National group was 8667 whereas State had mean value as 8.8000 and the mean difference between both the groups was found 1.06667. This shows that the National group had demonstrated significantly better on Self-Concept than their counterpart’s 1.06667 group.
  • The mean value of National group was 8667 whereas District had mean value as 10.4000 and the mean difference between both the groups was found -.53333. This shows that the District group had demonstrated significantly better on Self-Concept than their counterpart’s 9.8667 groups.
  • The mean value of State group was 8.8000 whereas District had mean value as 10.4000 and the mean difference between both the groups was found -1.60000. This shows that the District group had demonstrated significantly better on Self-Concept than their counterpart’s 8.8000 group.

290img12.png

Figure-4: Graphical representation of mean scores Male Kho-Kho Players (N=70) (i.e., National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30) with regards to Self-Concept.

Table-9: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results among Male Kho-Kho Players (N=70) (i.e., National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30) with regards to Intelligence.

290img13.png

The p-value is .553. The result is not significant at p >.05.

  • It is evident from Table-9 that results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) among Male Kho-Kho Players with regards to Intelligence were found statistically insignificant (P > .05).

Table-10: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results among Male Kho-Kho Players (N=70) (i.e., National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30) with regards to Mental Health.

290img14.png

The p-value is .183. The result is not significant at p >.05.

  • It is evident from Table-10 that results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) among

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  • Male Kho-Kho Players with regards to Mental Health were found statistically insignificant (P > .05).
  1. HYPOTHESIS TESTING

It was hypothesized that there will be significant differences among Male Kho-Kho Players on the variable Mental Health (i.e., Emotional Stability, Overall Adjustment, Autonomy, Intelligence, Security–Insecurity and Self-Concept).

At this point in the research study, the researcher rejected the hypothesis of this study.

  1. CONCLUSIONS

To conclude, it is significant to mention in relation to Emotional Stability, Overall Adjustment, Autonomy, Intelligence and Mental Health that results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) among Male Kho-Kho Players (N=70) (i.e., National Level (N1=15), State Level (N2=25) and District Level (N3=30)) were found statistically insignificant (P> .05).

Furthermore, in relation to Security–Insecurity and Self-Concept that result of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) among Male Kho-Kho Players (i.e., National Level, State Level and District Level) was found statistically significant (P< .05).

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