INTRODUCTION

The word “DOPING” has many suggestions on its origin. It comes from the ancient Olympic games, when athletes took figs, they all were reported. Figs improved their performance because it is a combination of calcium and potassium for improving bone density. The word Doping is introduced from a Dutch word ‘DOP’, it means an alcoholic liquid made of grape skin. In 18^th century, it was used in ceremonial dances in south Africa. It was used by Zulu warriors for their performance.

Another way to explain is that the word comes from the Dutch word ‘DOOP’ (a thick dipping sauce) that entered American slang to describe how robbers stupefied victims by mixing tobacco with the seed of Datura stramonium, known as jimsonweed, which contains a number of tropane alkaloid, causing sedation, hallucination and confusion.

In sports, Doping is used for performance enrichment, particularly to regulate competitions. From the biological point of view, doping targets all body function including heart, pulmonary, chemical reactions, hormones regulation, cerebral, genetic etc. The physiological basis the short -term acute responses include elevation in the heart rate and cardiac output , redistribution of blood flow, increased pulmonary ventilation and endocrinological responses.

Doping have both productive effects and side effects. Performance improvement methods are introduced in the two criteria. The first criteria have hazards to the health of the sports person and break the spirit of the sports. Another method or criteria is improving performance such as through blood transfusion.

If we talk about the merits of doping, it recovers from an injury, enhance body capacity after training, increase muscle fibre, along with muscle mass also increases strength & endurance and help in decreasing fat tissue.

If doping permits all the benefits to a sports person, then let’s talk about that why it is a consequential issue at national and international level. There are innumerable substances used by the athletes to increase their performance directly or indirectly, some of them are: -

Anabolic steroids, which come about originally from male hormones (testosterone),

regulations and consequences for sportspersons who are caught using them. Doping increases the performance but unnaturally and directly denoting the abolishment of fair play for which sports is recognised for. WADA being an international federation established the criteria for various drugs and their prohibition to make sure that the sports competitions are organised in a way which brings out the most deserving winners and to prevent life threatening health risks of the sportspersons.

CONCLUSION

To summarize, in the context of health threats, using various doping agents, including the most widespread, such as AAS, stimulants and EPO, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, stroke and cancers in mena and womens. In addition, the use of AAS adversely affects the hormonal axes resulting in the cracking down of endogenous hormone production in males, while male sex characteristics affect in females. Additionally, the regularly using some of the anabolic agents and stimulants can have serious mental health/behavioural aftereffects. Consequently the physical and mental health risks related with the use of such agents are likely to surpass the health benefits associated with participation in physical activity. The popularity of doping agents holds out beyond the realms of elite sport, into lower levels of competition and into non-competitive exercise training as well and as dreadful as it seems, for the development of an enhanced physique! The indications are that doping and related drug abuse constitute a notable health issue, and what it is worth for, the discussion of the bane and boone of doping in sports should be consistent to reach the maximum athletes and spreading awareness for the same.

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