E-ISSN:2319-3050

Research Article

Sports Science

International Journal of Research Pedagogy and Technology in Education and Movement Sciences

2025 Volume 14 Number 01 JAN-MAR
Publisherwww.theuniversityacademics.com

Evaluation Of Body Composition Between Basketball And Handball Male Interuniversity Players.

Singh S1*†
DOI:https://doi.org/10.55968/ijems.v14i01.370

1*† Satveer Singh, Research Scholar, Department of Physical Education, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.

The purpose of present study was to compare the Body Density and Percentage Body Fat between Basketball and Handball male interuniversity male players. For this study, Total 40 male subjects (20 Basketball and 20 Handball) belong to 18-27 years of age range was taken. The study was conducted on players of Punjabi university Patiala and M.P.S.P.S University Patiala. All the samples were taken by applying purposive sampling technique. After being informed of the study's purpose and protocol, each subject willingly agreed to participate in the trial by providing their informed consent. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The t- value of Body density is (12.96), % body fat is (2.0758) at 0.05 level and degree of freedom is set at 38. The results show that there is significant difference of body density and percentage body fat between the Basketball and Handball Players.

Keywords: Body Density, Percentage Body Fat, Biceps, skin fold, Triceps skin fold, Sub scapular muscle, Suprailiac skinfold

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Satveer Singh, Research Scholar, Department of Physical Education, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
Email: 		Singh S. Evaluation Of Body Composition Between Basketball And Handball Male Interuniversity Players.. ijems. 2025;14(01):30-33.
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Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2024-05-28 2024-06-01 2024-06-17 2024-07-03 2024-07-06
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Authors state no conflict of interest. Non Funded. The conducted research is not related to either human or animals use. 14 All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

© 2025by Singh Sand Published by The University Academics. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

International Journal of Research Pedagogy and Technology in Education and Movement Sciences 2025;14(01)30
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Evaluation Body Composition Between Basketball Handball Male Interuniversity Players.

INTRODUCTION: When it comes to body size, body composition, which is mostly established by genetic inheritance, can be minimally changed. It may also alter dramatically in response to dietary changes and the presence of a particular exercise regimen. In both medical and sporting professions, figuring out one's body composition is a standard practise. There is a lot of interest in innovative techniques and contemporary ways for calculating body composition. Due to the examination of health condition and evaluation of potential health risks, the amount of fat component is frequently the focus of attention. Exercise has a positive impact on both physical appearance and composition. Physiological load, which includes the effects of physical exercise or sports, is thought to be a component that can affect a person's stature. The morphology of the body, where specific body types correspond to specific sports, is the first thing that spectators notice when comparing athletes from different sports. As a result, today's athletes' constitutions and body types are primarily viewed as a necessary condition and an integral component of the structure of factors that are relevant to athletic performance. One of the components of the physiological profile is the quantification of human body composition, which holds a significant position in the sports population due to its significance in tracking all training and performance goals. Otherwise, major changes in body composition occur during growth and maturation. Boys are twice as likely as females to be fatless during adolescence, while girls are twice as likely to gain weight. Additionally, it is of particular importance to the health community to comprehend the body composition as a whole, including all the variables that might affect the structure of the body, as well as to become familiar with all the health formula. The authors' average values for the body composition measures in junior handball players demonstrate that the handball training programme has an identical effect on these parameters regardless of the sport, competition level, etc. Massive bodily height, together with other essential traits, will give a distinct edge in succeeding in that discipline in some sports (basketball). Similar to how persons of medium height and weight will benefit from undertaking tasks that call for good explosiveness and agility, such as in handball, is that they will succeed more often. The primary objectives of the study are to ascertain the average body composition of athletes

and to ascertain the differences in body composition of athletes competing in various sports, in this case basketball and handball. (Joksimovic K , et al .2021 )

It's important to have some body fat for overall health. It is crucial for maintaining hormone balance, supplying energy, and safeguarding internal organs. A higher risk of conditions including cancer, diabetes, and heart disease is associated with having too much body fat.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

Evaluation of Body Composition between basketball & handball male Interuniversity Players.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Design of the study:

The procedure adopted for sampling, tool used, selection of variables, instruments reliability’ administration of the test, collection of the data and description of the various test items and statically techniques used for analysing the data have been discussed.

Sample:

The present study is conducted on 20 male Basketball and 20 male Handball players in the age group of 18 to 27 years who have participated in Inter University Competition session 2022-2023.

Tool Used:

  • The weight of the subjects was measured by the help of portable electronic weighing machine.
  • The height of the subject’s was measured by the help of Anthropometric Rod.
  • The skinfold calliper was used to measure various skin folds.
  • Sketch pen was used to mark the measuring area of the muscles of the subject.

Selection of Variables:

  1. 1. Body density

1.1631-0.0632 x log (Biceps+Triceps+ Sub Scapulr +Suprailiac)

Where x = sum of four skin fold in millimetre converted in logarithms.

(Siri-1956-61) equation has been applied to determine body fat percentage

  1. Percentage Body Fat

International Journal of Research Pedagogy and Technology in Education and Movement Sciences 2025;14(01)31
Evaluation Body Composition Between Basketball Handball Male Interuniversity Players.

The calculated body density is converted into percent body fat using the formula devised by Siri (1961)

Percentage fat (4.95/body density - 4.50) x 100

Statistical Procedure:

Students ‘t’test will be applied to assess the differences between groups.

Estimation of Body Compositions:-

The four skin fold measurement was used for the estimation of body density.

  1. Biceps
  2. Triceps
  3. Sub scapulr
  4. Suprailiac

The higher an object's density, the higher it’s mass per unit of volume. The average density of an object equals its total mass divided by its total volume.

Durninand Womersley (1974) equation has been used to determine the body density.

Body density

    TABLE-1 BODY DENSITY

GROUPNMEANSTANDARDDEVIATIONSTANDERDERROR OFMEANt-VALUE
BASKETBALL201.0850.00890.001912.92
HANDBALL201.0480.00890.0020

Level of Significance0.05      df=38

Tabulated t-value at 0.05(1.697)

370img01.png

FIGURE: I BODY DENSITY.

Table & Figure I statistically show that the mean and standard deviation with

regard to Basketball players is 1.085 ± 0.0089 where as in case of Handball players is 1.048 ± 0.0089 respectively. The calculated t-value is (12.92). Which is less than the tabulated t-value is (1.697) at 0.05 levels. So, it indicates that there is significant difference Between Basketball and Handball Inter-University level players for their Body Density.

Body Fat Percentage

   TABLE-II PERCENTAGE BODY FAT

GROUPNMEANSTANDARDDEVIATIONSTANDARDERROR OFMEANt-VALUE
BASKETBALL2020.402.770.622.0758
HANDBALL2022.202.710.60

Level of Significance 0.05    df=38

Tabulated t-value at 0.05(1.697) 

370img02.png  

FIGURE-II PERCENTAGE BODY FAT

Table and Figure II statistically show that the mean and standard deviation with regard to Basketball players is 20.40 ± 2.77 where as in case of Handball player’s is 22.20 ± 2.71 respectively. The calculated t-value is (2.0758). Which is less than the tabulated t-value is (1.697) at 0.05 levels. So, it indicates that there is significant difference Between Basketball and Handball Inter-University level players for their Percentage Body Fat

RESULT & DISCUSSION

  1. Body density

The result of the study established that there was significant difference in body density in Basketball and Handball inter university level Players. On the basis of analysis of the data, investigator found that the earlier study of Bradbury et al (2017) supported the present study.


International Journal of Research Pedagogy and Technology in Education and Movement Sciences 2025;14(01)32
Evaluation Body Composition Between Basketball Handball Male Interuniversity Players.
  1. Body Fat percentages

The result of the study established that there was significant difference in fat percentage in Basketball and Handball inter university level Players .On the basis of analysis of the data, investigator found that the earlier study of Bradbury et al (2017) supported the present study

CONCLUSION

Within the limits and limitations of the study, it is concluded that, significant differences were found in Body Density and Percentage Body Fat variable between Basketball and Handball inter university level Players.

References

Bradbury, K. E. , Guo, W. , Cairns, B. J., Armstrong, M. E. G., & Key, T. J. (2017). Association between physical activity and body fat percentage, with adjustment for BMI: a large cross-section analysis of UK Biobank. BMJ Open, 7(3), e011843 [Crossref][Google Scholar]

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Durnin, J. V. G. and Womersley, J. (1974).Body fat assessed from total body density and estimation from skinfold thickness measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years, British journal of nutrition, 32: 77 [Crossref][Google Scholar]

Ferrara, L. , Joksimovic, M. , & D'Angelo, S. (2021). Modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis: Action of physical activity and phytochemicals. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(1): 425-433 [Crossref][Google Scholar]

Pehar, M. , Sekulic, D. , Sisic, N. , Spasic, M. , Uljevic, O., Krolo, A.,& Sattler, T. (2017). Evaluation of different jumping tests in defining position-specific and performance-level differences in high level basketball players. Biology of sport, 34(3):263-272 [Crossref][Google Scholar]

Siri, W. R. (1961). Body composition from fluid spaces and density analysis of methods. In Techniques for measuring body composition Ed. Brozek, J. and Henschel, A: 223-224. Nat SciWashgton, D.C [Crossref][Google Scholar]

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